NEW ORLEANS (AP) – Pantyhose for the heart?

A polyester mesh stocking pulled up over the wide bottom of a weak heart can help it pump better and even shrink back to a more normal size, a study found.

About 150 heart failure patients who got this novel and incredibly simple device felt better, were less likely to need heart transplants or other operations, and improved in other ways when compared with people who did not get the fabric wrap.

“There was a 75 percent overall improvement. It is a sort of breakthrough technology,” said Dr. Douglas Mann, the Baylor College of Medicine cardiologist who led the study and reported results Sunday at an American Heart Association conference.

“This does more than any existing therapy that’s out there today,” he said.

Several experts said the surgically implanted stocking could fill a gap for people who are not helped by drugs or pacemakers and who do not want or cannot have a mechanical heart pump or an organ transplant.

“We have little to offer surgically,” said Dr. Timothy Gardner, a heart surgeon from the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia who had no role in the study. “There’s a lot of interest in this kind of simple technique.”

The heart wrap is still experimental but its maker, Acorn Cardiovascular Inc. of St. Paul, Minn., already has approval to sell it in Europe and will seek the same from the federal Food and Drug Administration early next year.

The stretchy mesh device looks like fishnet hose but acts like support stockings and requires no batteries or moving parts. Once placed around the heart through an incision in the chest, the mesh sticks to it and becomes a permanent implant.

Heart failure occurs when the heart is weak or damaged and cannot pump effectively. It enlarges to accommodate the extra blood, and fluid can back up into the lungs, leaving people short of breath and tired all the time. Patients usually grow progressively weaker, and most live only about five years after diagnosis.

About 5 million Americans have heart failure and more than a million have the type that might be helped by the heart wrap – moderately severe disease.

“There are many patients in this class who are progressing and don’t have good treatment options,” said Dr. Spencer Kubo, Acorn’s medical director.

The company-sponsored study included 300 patients at 28 hospitals in the United States and one in Canada.

One part involved 193 people having surgery to fix a leaky heart valve, a common problem in heart failure patients. Doctors gave 102 standard surgery and the other 91, surgery plus the heart stocking.

The second part of the study involved 107 people who did not need valve surgery. Fifty were given standard treatment drugs – ACE inhibitors, beta blockers and water pills – and the other 57 got drugs plus surgery to install the stocking.

After an average of two years, 38 percent of the stocking group had improved compared with 27 percent of the others, according to a rating system including survival and other factors. About 37 percent with the stocking got worse compared to 45 percent of the others.

Only 19 stocking recipients needed a transplant, a mechanical heart pump or other major heart operation, but 33 in the other group did.

“We think this stabilizes the disease process” by relieving the pressure on the heart and giving it support so it can rest between beats, Mann said.

Researchers also measured changes in the heart’s shape and size and found dramatic differences with the stocking.

“These big hearts, with this device, became small hearts,” and went from a basketball shape to the more natural football shape that lets them beat as they should, Mann said.

The stocking actually changes the size of the cells making up the heart, Kubo said.

“If this was just taking a size 8 person and putting them in a size 4 dress, you’d say ‘Of course you’ve made the heart smaller,”‘ Kubo said. “We know from pre-clinical studies that the mass of the heart is reduced. This is not just a scrunching effect, a corset effect.”

The device did not help people avoid hospital stays, but doctors hope it will with longer use. They also hope to develop a way to install it through “keyhole” surgery rather than a big cut in the chest.

Dr. Raymond Gibbons, a Mayo Clinic cardiologist, praised how the study was done.

“Some of the enthusiasm for other devices was based on studies without a great deal of scientific rigor,” he said.

In other news at the conference:

– A landmark, federally funded study found that ACE inhibitors did no good for people with clogged arteries who already were receiving state-of-the-art care. Such drugs are the gold standard for people with heart failure and artery deposits, and millions more people have been prescribed them in the belief of wider benefits.

But a study of more than 8,000 patients led by Dr. Marc Pfeffer of Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston found no difference in heart attacks or other measures for those given the drugs versus dummy pills.

“We’re already at a floor, we believe. It’s hard to show further improvements,” he said.

– A pilot project to aggressively manage heart failure by having a nurse individually oversee patients’ medications, diets, exercise and other habits failed to save money – the key thing it was intended to do.

The study of more than 1,000 people led by the University of Texas Health Sciences Center is expected to shape federal policy on paying for so-called disease management programs for Medicare and Medicaid recipients.

– A small German study hints that exercise might be as good if not better than a procedure to open blocked arteries for certain people with mild, stable symptoms. About 100 such men were assigned either to an exercise program or angioplasty, which uses a tiny balloon to flatten deposits and a metal scaffold to prop the artery open.

After one year, a key measure of inflammation, which helps blockages to form, declined 36 percent in the exercise group and not at all in the others. Several other measures of inflammation did not differ.

AP-ES-11-07-04 1746EST

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