MAINE’S WEATHER PATTERNS ARE CHANGING

Birkel, who is also an assistant professor at the University of Maine Climate Change Institute and Cooperative Extension, says that while variations from year-to-year are normal, the data paints a picture of more extreme weather in our future.

“We’re seeing more extremes as the climate warms,” he said. “So, in terms of heavy rainfall that produces localized flooding and damage, those are the types of extremes that we are seeing more of, and that we expect to become more common in a warmer world. “That’s also the conclusion of more than 50 state scientists in a 2020 publication “Scientific Assessment of Climate Change and its Effects in Maine.”

Key takeaways include:

Maine’s statewide annual temperature has increased by 3.2 °F since 1895.

The warming climate has been associated with a trend toward longer summers and shorter winters.

Maine’s average statewide annual precipitation (rainfall and snowfall) has increased by 6 inches since 1895.

Maine has experienced an increase in the average number of heavy precipitation events per year, particularly since the mid-2000s.

Despite the heavy rains this summer, some gardens are producing peppers, cucumber, squash and tomatoes, though many are delayed. Submitted photos

GARDENS, FARMS SUFFER FROM TOO MUCH RAIN

Gardens and farmers’ fields have also been inundated by the intense rains this summer, coupled with a dearth of sunshine in general. Rebecca Long works with farmers, homesteaders and anyone who seeks out her help as a sustainable agriculture and horticulture professional with the University of Maine Cooperative Extension.

She says she’s heard from a lot of frustrated people. “I really feel for them because we have such a short growing season in Maine, and you spend all winter planning and looking at your seed catalogs.” She says a lot of gardeners planted their gardens, lost them due to the rains and replanted. Others just gave up.

Long says a combination of issues made for a less than stellar season for a lot of people. “So, wet soil, a lot of things just rotted in the ground because of root rot. Because you know, roots need oxygen, so it’s constantly saturated,” she said. “The constant rain washes nutrients out of the soil, so we’re seeing a lot of fertility issues. And then also a disease issue.” Weeds, however, did great this year, she noted.

Perennials and fruit trees are doing pretty well this year, despite the loss of most of the state’s peach crop due to the frigid weather snap in February. Long says the rain in some parts of Maine displaced the drought conditions last year, so the fruit trees should be just fine.

Groundwater levels are also very high, which means some areas saw that water come to the surface, leaving some gardens underwater.

Long offered a number of tips to prepare your garden for next year, whether it’s a wet or dry year. Raised beds are a good choice if your garden was underwater at any point this summer. Spacing plants out will help them be more productive and minimize disease.

“Space your plants far apart,” she said, “because you want lots of air flow and you can do some pruning too.” She said cramming too much into a small space is counterproductive. Plant tomatoes up to five feet apart, even if it means you only have three or four plants, they’ll actually be more productive and healthier.

As for battling the weeds, Long says the best preventative measure is mulch, but not wood chips. She suggests using grass clippings from a chemical-free lawn and leaves. “It keeps in moisture, it regulates soil temperatures,” she added. “Even in a rainy year, it can actually be good because it can protect the rain from splashing and (soil) compaction from really heavy rain events.”

Soil texture is also important and if you have more of a clay soil that’s not draining well, consider adding some organic material or adding a small amount of compost. “It should look like pepper on mashed potatoes,” she said, quoting a former co-worker and soil expert.

If you’ve never had your soil tested, you should consider it. Long says the University of Maine soil lab does a standard test for $20 or a comprehensive soil test for $25. You can pick up a box and form at your local Cooperative Extension office and mail it in. Or the lab will mail a kit to you if you request one at https://umaine.edu/soiltestinglab/home/kit-request/maine-soil-request/

The most common problem they see this time of year is nitrogen deficiency, which can be addressed even at this point in the season.

For people with insects or diseased plants, they can snap a photo and submit it to the insect identification lab or the plant diagnostic lab at the following links:

Plant Disease Diagnostic Lab: https://extension.umaine.edu/ipm/plant-disease/plant-disease-diagnostic-testing/

Insect Diagnostic Lab: https://extension.umaine.edu/ipm/insect-lab/

Best first stop for questions is your county Cooperative Extension office: https://extension.umaine.edu/county-offices/

Long cautioned gardeners not to make any radical changes to their gardens based on this year’s weather. And her final piece of advice is to be patient. While tomatoes and other vegetables may be behind, she’s confident that patience will pay off, especially as last week’s weather proved summer isn’t over yet. “I think some people will be surprised to see that some stuff is still going to pull through.”